Faten Ghosn's research and teaching focus on the interaction of adversaries, in particular how adversaries handle their disagreements and the importance of their choice of strategy to escalate or de-escalate a situation. Ghosn was featured as an expert on the U.S. war in Afghanistan in an August 2021 episode of "The Idealists" podcast, where she broke down America's 20-year presence in Afghanistan. In late September 2021, she was invited to King's College London to join former Afghani federal officials on a panel to discuss the future of Afghanistan after the U.S. withdrawal.

In 2017, Ghosn helped launch a project to study the mass displacement of people from conflicts since 1990. A grant from the U.S. Department of Defense, totaling nearly $1.4 million, helped fund the project. Ghosn's research on political science, peace and conflict processes has been featured in the American Political Science Review, British Journal of Political Science, Conflict Management and Peace Science, the International Journal of Human Rights, International Negotiation: A Journal of Theory and Practice, Journal of Peace Research and more.

Ghosn also is a popular instructor and mentor. She teaches such courses as Armed Conflict & Conflict Management, Introduction to International Relations and The Art of Diplomacy and Negotiation. In 2020, Ghosn received the Margaret M. Briehl and Dennis T. Ray Five Star Faculty Award – the only University of Arizona award for faculty members that is determined by undergraduate students. She is also a faculty ally in the University of Arizona Veterans Education and Transition Center.